Here are the steps involved :

• Diagnosis: The first step is to diagnose the issue with the laptop. This can be done by performing various tests, using diagnostic software, and inspecting the physical components.
• Disassembly: Once the issue is identified, the laptop needs to be disassembled carefully. This involves removing the keyboard, display, battery, and other components to access the motherboard.
• Visual Inspection: A thorough visual inspection is conducted to identify any visible damage or signs of malfunctioning components such as burnt or swollen capacitors, loose connections, or physical damage.
• Circuit Diagram and Schematics: Having access to the circuit diagram and schematics of the laptop's motherboard is crucial. These documents provide detailed information about the circuitry and help in locating specific components and understanding their functions.
• Component Testing: Specialized equipment such as multimeters, oscilloscopes, and logic analyzers are used to test and measure the functionality of various components like capacitors, resistors, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits.
• Chip-level Repair: In chip-level repair, faulty or damaged components are replaced or repaired. This may involve desoldering and soldering electronic components using hot air rework stations or soldering irons. Skills in soldering and reballing techniques are essential for this step.
• BIOS and Firmware Update: If necessary, the laptop's BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) firmware can be updated to fix certain issues or improve compatibility with hardware components.
• Reassembly: Once the necessary repairs are made, the laptop is reassembled by putting all the components back together, ensuring proper connections and alignments.
• Testing: After reassembly, the laptop is powered on and thoroughly tested to ensure that the issues have been resolved and all the components are functioning correctly. This includes checking display, audio, keyboard, touchpad, Wi-Fi, USB ports, and other features.